Does the human body undergo a complete regeneration once every seven years?

Even while new cells are constantly being "created," the effects of aging can still be seen.

 

Your body is made up of trillions of cells. However, the cells that you have now are not the same as the cells that you had yesterday in any way, shape, or form. Because cells age and become damaged over time, your body's cells must constantly replicate to create their replacements. This process is called cell division.

 

Because of this ongoing cellular activity, there is a widely held belief (opens in a new tab) that states that around every seven years, your cells have been so prolific that your body has replaced every part of itself, beginning with your eyelashes and ending with your esophagus. That is to say, after around seven years of cellular reproduction, you have become a whole new collection of cells, both internally and externally.

 

But is that the case? It's not quite that. While sure the cells in your body's organs and systems are completely replaced within a few months, the majority of the cells in your body are still much the same as they were on the day you were born.

 

Olaf Bergmann, a principal researcher in the Department of Cell and Molecular Biology at the Karolinska Institute in Stockholm, Sweden, told Live Science in an email that the majority of the skin and gut are replaced extremely quickly, most likely within months. Bergmann is quoted as saying this. According to research that was published on June 15 in the journal Cell Systems by Bergmann and his colleagues, cells in the liver regenerate at a somewhat slower rate (opens in a new tab). The authors of the study conducted an examination of liver tissue using radiocarbon dating, and their findings indicated that the majority of liver cells are replaced every three years.

 

However, cells in other organs and systems multiply much more slowly and are further behind the seven-year cut-off than those in the liver.

 

For instance, according to Bergmann, "the human heart renews at a very low pace, with only 40 percent of all cardiomyocytes [the cells responsible for the force of contraction in the heart] exchanged during life." According to research published in the New York Times, it takes the cells that make up a skeleton approximately ten years to reproduce a complete structure.

 

Even at a slower pace, the replacement of cells can occur in the brain. According to a study that was published in Cell in 2013, researchers have found data that suggests that specific neurons in the hippocampus are rejuvenated. Still, this process occurs at a rate of only 1.75 percent per year. A study that was published in Cell in 2014 found that certain types of neurons located within the striatum are also capable of regenerating. According to Bergmann, however, some types of neurons remain in a person throughout their entire life. Even the unique cell populations that can rejuvenate are not entirely replaced throughout a lifetime; instead, only a portion of them do so.

 

However, this leads to the following thought: if components of our bodies, such as our skin, intestines, and liver, are renewed every few years, then why is it that we don't stay youthful forever?

 

According to Bergmann's explanation, our biological age is the primary factor in determining how old we feel as the years pass, regardless of how "young" our skin, bowels, and liver may be. Even though the cells that make up a person's body are relatively young, their biological age can be determined by how their bodies have adapted to the passage of time. According to Bergmann, even while organs renew their cells continually, the organs continue to age due to alterations in the replicating cells, such as mutations. When cells replicate, the DNA repeatedly divides and repeats itself, which can lead to errors over time. As a result, mutations can accumulate, which can affect the continued existence of the Cell or the expression of particular genes.

 

Therefore, even though some of the cells in our bodies are relatively young, the cumulative effect of our aging and frequently replicated DNA causes us to experience the results of the passage of time.

Article source : https://www.livescience.com/33179-does-human-body-replace-cells-seven-years.html

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